Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure Reduction in Diet-Induced Obese Hypertensive Rats: A Potential Role of Prouroguanylin

doi: 10.3390/nu17223581

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in the expression of proUGN, NHE3 and pS552-NHE3 after SG. Changes in proUGN protein expression in the ileum (SG vs. FS: MD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.01 to 1.31; p = 0.046; SG vs. PF: MD, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.37; p = 0.028) ( A ) and plasma (SG vs. FS: MD, 2.79 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.36 to 5.23; p = 0.021; SG vs. PF: MD, 2.66 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.22 to 5.10; p = 0.029) ( B ), NHE3 ( C ) and pS552-NHE3 (SG vs. C: MD, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.18; p < 0.001; SG vs. FS: MD, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.19 to 1.01; p = 0.003; SG vs. PF: MD, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.047 to 0.88; p = 0.026) ( D ) protein expression in the renal cortex, and the relative expression of pS552-NHE3 to NHE3 (SG vs. C: MD, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.50; p = 0.020; SG vs. FS: MD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.42; p = 0.005; SG vs. PF: MD, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.04 to 1.24; p = 0.033) ( E ) after SG. Data are mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05. C, rats fed a standard diet and subjected to a sham-op; FS, rats fed a high-fat and high-salt diet and subjected to a sham-op; SG, rats fed a high-fat and high-salt diet and subjected to sleeve gastrectomy; PF, rats fed the same amount of a high-fat and high-salt diet as the SG group and subjected to a sham-op; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; NHE3, sodium/hydrogen ion exchanger type 3; proUGN, prouroguanylin; pS552-NHE3, NHE3 phosphorylated at Ser552.

Article Snippet: To stain for pS552-NHE3, 2 μm-thick kidney sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with a mouse anti-rat pS552-NHE3 antibody (diluted 1:300; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure Reduction in Diet-Induced Obese Hypertensive Rats: A Potential Role of Prouroguanylin

doi: 10.3390/nu17223581

Figure Lengend Snippet: pS552-NHE3 immunostaining of the renal cortex after SG. Histology showed glomerular hypertrophy in the FS group compared with the C group, but no marked differences between the SG and PF groups. pS552-NHE3 expression in the proximal tubules of the SG group was higher than that in all other groups.

Article Snippet: To stain for pS552-NHE3, 2 μm-thick kidney sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with a mouse anti-rat pS552-NHE3 antibody (diluted 1:300; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Expressing

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure Reduction in Diet-Induced Obese Hypertensive Rats: A Potential Role of Prouroguanylin

doi: 10.3390/nu17223581

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in parameters after the administration of UGN. Changes in systolic blood pressure on day 7 (UGN vs. C on day 1: MD, −7.7 mmHg; 95% CI, −13.0 to −2.4; p = 0.008; on day 7: MD, −7.0 mmHg; 95% CI, −11.2 to −2.8; p = 0.004) ( A ), urinary sodium excretion on day 7 (UGN vs. C on day 1: MD, 0.14 mmol/6 h; 95% CI, 0.014 to 0.26; p = 0.032; on day 7: MD, 0.21 mmol/6 h; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.34; p = 0.005) ( B ), NHE3 ( C ) and pS552-NHE3 (UGN vs. C: MD, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.87; p = 0.002) ( D ) protein expression in the renal cortex, and the relative expression of pS552-NHE3 to NHE3 (UGN vs. C: MD, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.09 to 1.31; p = 0.027) ( E ). Data are mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05. C, rats administered saline solution; UGN, rats administered uroguanylin solution; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; NHE3, sodium/hydrogen ion exchanger type 3; proUGN, prouroguanylin; pS552-NHE3, NHE3 phosphorylated at Ser552.

Article Snippet: To stain for pS552-NHE3, 2 μm-thick kidney sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with a mouse anti-rat pS552-NHE3 antibody (diluted 1:300; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Saline

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure Reduction in Diet-Induced Obese Hypertensive Rats: A Potential Role of Prouroguanylin

doi: 10.3390/nu17223581

Figure Lengend Snippet: pS552-NHE3 immunostaining of the renal cortex after the administration of UGN. The expression of pS552-NHE3 in the C and UGN groups. pS552-NHE3 expression in the proximal tubules was higher in the UGN group than in the C group.

Article Snippet: To stain for pS552-NHE3, 2 μm-thick kidney sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with a mouse anti-rat pS552-NHE3 antibody (diluted 1:300; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Expressing

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Blood Pressure Reduction in Diet-Induced Obese Hypertensive Rats: A Potential Role of Prouroguanylin

doi: 10.3390/nu17223581

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanism of blood pressure reduction following SG. SG increased proUGN secretion from the small intestine, increasing its circulating concentration. The enhanced proUGN increased pS552-NHE3 in proximal tubules, promoted natriuresis, and lowered blood pressure. BW, body weight; proUGN, prouroguanylin; pS552-NHE3, NHE3 phosphorylated at Ser552; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SG, sleeve gastrectomy.

Article Snippet: To stain for pS552-NHE3, 2 μm-thick kidney sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with a mouse anti-rat pS552-NHE3 antibody (diluted 1:300; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Kidney international

Article Title: Renal tubular NHE3 is required in the maintenance of water and sodium chloride homeostasis

doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: The thick ascending limb Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter (NKCC2) was not significantly affected by dietary NaCl or genotype. Both genotypes responded with an increased expression of total NCC in response to low NaCl intake. However, under high dietary NaCl, total NCC expression was significantly higher in NHE3loxloxCre mice compared to Con mice. Phosphorylation of pT58 NCC was increased in response to low NaCl compared to high NaCl diet in both genotypes; however, NHE3loxloxCre mice show stronger phosphorylation under both low and high NaCl diet. Full-length α-subunit of the epithelial Na+ channel (αENaC) was significantly higher in NHE3loxloxCre mice compared to Con mice under either dietary condition. Cleaved αENaC expression was not different between genotypes on a high NaCl diet; however, it was significantly higher in NHE3loxloxCre compared to Con mice on low NaCl diet. *P < 0.05 versus high NaCl same genotype, #P < 0.05 versus Con same diet.

Article Snippet: 27 , 63 , 64 Blots were probed with the following antibodies: total NHE3 67 , pS552 NHE3 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), total NCC 68 , pT58 NCC 28 , NKCC2 69 , NBCe1 23 , Npt2a 63 , Npt2c 63 , Na + /K + -ATPase α-subunit (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), H + -ATPase β 1 -subunit 70 , Pendrin, 71 αENaC 72 , AQP2 73 and pS256-AQP2 74 .

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Kidney international

Article Title: Renal tubular NHE3 is required in the maintenance of water and sodium chloride homeostasis

doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of the Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit was unaffected by dietary NaCl or genotype. In NHE3loxloxCre mice, pendrin levels were significantly lower compared to Con mice but unaffected by dietary NaCl intake. Vice versa, the H+-ATPase β1-subunit levels were significantly higher in NHE3loxloxCre compared to Con mice, but also unaffected by dietary NaCl. Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression was significantly greater in NHE3loxloxCre on high compared to low NaCl intake, an effect absent in Con mice. Expression of phosphorylated AQP2 at serine 256 (pS256 AQP2) was not affected by genotype or dietary NaCl. *P < 0.05 versus high NaCl same genotype, #P < 0.05 versus Con same diet.

Article Snippet: 27 , 63 , 64 Blots were probed with the following antibodies: total NHE3 67 , pS552 NHE3 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), total NCC 68 , pT58 NCC 28 , NKCC2 69 , NBCe1 23 , Npt2a 63 , Npt2c 63 , Na + /K + -ATPase α-subunit (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), H + -ATPase β 1 -subunit 70 , Pendrin, 71 αENaC 72 , AQP2 73 and pS256-AQP2 74 .

Techniques: Expressing